InDesign Typesetting

In this Production workshop we was taught all the basics to the different terminology related to typesetting within In-design, which tools to use for what and how to fix any related problems.

Kerning - is adjusting the Space between the characters

The Kerning tool in Adobe In-Design (which adjusts the space between characters in a whole word). 

Tracking - is the process of tightening or loosing a block of text.

Kerning tool In Adobe In-Design (used to tighten or loose a block of words)

Leading - Is the process of adjusting the vertical space between lines of type. 

Leading tool in In-Design (adjust the space vertically between lines)

Widows - Are the words at the end or at the beginning of a line that are separated from the rest of the text. This separates a word leaving the first part of the line on the first line and the second part of the word on the line below.

Example of a Widow.

Orphans - Are a few words or maybe a word it's own row in a paragraph creating too much white space between paragraphs.

Example of a Orphan.

How To prevent Widows and orphans?

One way to prevent orphans is to use Kerning and Leading to adjust the spaces between the type to either tighten the words and space or to loosen them. this will then adjust the scale and spacing of the words being able to remove and words that cut onto two different lines.
You can use this technique for widows to but also use tracking to tighten the spaces so you could fit more words on to a line.

Another way which could prevent Widows and Orphans is if you edit the composition of the text to 'Justified alignment'. 

Justify Tool